The psychology of donating

The psychology of donating

Third year Zoology student Torben discusses the finding of his undergraduate project undertaken at Royal Holloway University of London.
Torben

Hi, my name is Torben and I am currently a third year zoology student at Royal Holloway, University of London. I have recently completed my final undergraduate project, in collaboration with Surrey Wildlife Trust, under the title “How does Psychological Distance affect people’s willingness to donate to wildlife charities”.

I started off by exploring what factors lead people to make decisions about how they donate money to wildlife charities, with previous research all indicating that charities that use images of cute or iconic species often receive a greater amount of donations, due to the public being familiar with those species. However, I discovered that there was very little research on whether people’s distance from a conservation project influenced how they donated their money. Another factor I researched was whether people wanted to donate to projects that were deemed “controversial or uncontroversial”. An example of a controversial project would be a species reintroduction, and an uncontroversial project would be donating to a school education programme.

I first conducted a survey, asking 100 people in Surrey and 100 people in Lancashire, hypothetical questions about how they would donate an imaginary sum of money to different projects, either a near project, or a far project. I then also asked them to choose to donate to either a controversial project or an uncontroversial project. Once I had received all my participants data, I then conducted some statistical analysis to be able to understand if there were any significant differences between people choosing to donate more money to projects which were closer to them, or if distance didn’t have a major impact on how they chose to donate.

Finally I asked people to decided, if they were donating their own money, which projects they would choose to donate to, in order to establish whether the projects I had selected as controversial were seen as controversial by the public.

Table of projects

From the figure, we can see that the projects I had decided were controversial were in red, and those I decided were uncontroversial in green. However, species reintroductions were the second most popular projects people were willing to donate real money to. And uncontroversial projects like hedge planting were not as heavily supported, which could be due to people believing that these projects are not as impactful as others.

I found that people ended up donating more money to uncontroversial projects when they were near, as people may not have wanted any significant changes or impacts in their local area. I also found that people significantly chose to donate more money to larger scale projects, as they believed their money had a greater benefit if they were supporting something on a larger scale. The idea of NIMBY (Not In My BackYard) really came into play, as people are supportive of conservation projects, as long as it does not heavily change or impact their local area, specifically in cases of “controversial” projects.

Overall my research could help wildlife charities in understanding which projects are most popular with the public, to ensure that they can secure the greatest number of donations possible, and continue working to protect both their local environment as well as further afield.